Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a long term disease that over time causes disability. The disease involves the gradual destruction of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) by the body's own immune system. What causes the immune system to destroy the Central Nervous System is unknown. MS is considered the most common neurological condition affecting young Australian adults.

MS is progressive, unpredictable and often varies in its severity from one person to another. There is no cure for MS, but current treatments do alter the course of the disease by reducing the frequency and severity of relapses.

Types of MS

There are five known types of MS.

1.  Relapsing-Remitting MS

In this form of MS exacerbations or attacks occur at varying frequency, and can last for days or months. There is usually a partial or total recovery. With Relapsing-Remitting MS, the disease may be inactive for months or even years. Approximately 40% of people with MS have this form.

2.  Secondary Progressive MS

Secondary Progressive MS is defined as a progression of the disease from relapsing-remitting MS, with a general increase in the level of disability. Superimposed relapses may or may not occur. Around 30% of people with MS have this form.

3.  Primary Progressive MS

This form of MS is characterised by a lack of distinct attacks, but with slow onset and steadily worsening symptoms. Around 15% of people with MS have this form.

4. Relapsing Progressive MS

This is considered a rare form of MS (around 5% of people with MS are affected), characterised by a gradual progression of disability from the onset of the disease, and is accompanied by one or more relapses.

5.  Benign MS

People with Benign MS have usually had one or two attacks with complete recovery. There is no worsening with time and no permanent disability. As with Relapsing Progressive around 5% of people with MS have this form.

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